Computer Use and Internet Accessibility for Visually Impaired Individuals
Computer and internet use by visually impaired individuals is one of the most important issues that need to be considered in the field of technology and accessibility. Although computer use by visually impaired individuals has become increasingly possible thanks to technological advances, many difficulties and accessibility problems continue in this area. In this article, we will examine in detail the difficulties a visually impaired person encounters while using a computer, the assistive technologies used, and the common problems that websites face in terms of accessibility.
Computer Use for Visually Impaired Individuals
The ability of visually impaired individuals to use computers is made possible by various assistive technologies and adaptations. Basically, visually impaired individuals use computers through screen reader software. These software convey the content on the screen to the user in audio format.
1. Screen Reader Software
Screen reader software enables the user to interact with the computer by reading the texts and user interfaces on the computer screen aloud. The most common screen readers include NVDA (free and open source), JAWS, and VoiceOver (built into Apple products).
The operating logic and usage of screen readers are as follows:
- Provides screen reader functionality by reading on-screen content aloud.
- Allows users to navigate using keyboard inputs without requiring a mouse.
- Enables navigation using keyboard arrow keys, Tab, Shift+Tab, Enter, spacebar, and various shortcut combinations.
- Uses special keys such as "Insert" or "Caps Lock" to activate specific screen reader functions.
- Allows navigation shortcuts like "K" for links, "F" for forms, and "H" for headings during screen navigation.
- Provides audible feedback for each character, word, or sentence entered into text fields.
2. Braille Displays
Some visually impaired users use Braille displays in addition to screen readers. These devices convey text on the screen to the user in raised letters. Users access content by touching it with their fingers. Braille displays are widely used, especially in professional and academic environments.
The working principle of Braille displays is as follows:
- A box-shaped device connected to a computer embosses the text on the computer screen with electronic needles.
- Users read the text by touching the embossed dots on the Braille display.
- When the user changes the text on the screen or moves back and forth, the embossed text on the Braille display is automatically updated.
- Users can navigate, edit or control the text with the directional keys or control keys on the Braille displays.
The Importance of Assistive Technologies and Accessibility
Thanks to assistive technologies, visually impaired users have made significant progress in using computers and the internet. However, these technologies can only be effective when websites and documents are designed in accordance with accessible standards.
Providing web accessibility is the foundation of creating equal opportunities for all users and creating inclusive digital environments. Here are some basic recommendations for ensuring web accessibility:
- Structure content with organized and meaningful titles.
- Use alternative text on all images.
- Make forms and other interactive elements accessible.
- Pay attention to color and contrast settings.
- Support and test keyboard navigation.
For more information about web accessibility and the Accessiblee Accessibility Tool, you can contact us.
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